if-clauses

Type I
 
 

Form	Type I.   if-clause  + main clause If / Unless / If .......not  + future I + present tense  + shall / will / can / may / might + verb  If I learn my vocabulary,    I'll get a good mark or the other way round:  main clause + if-clause shall / will / can / may / might + verb   + present tense     simple present I'll get a good mark.    if I learn my vocabulary
Function	open condition: Probable action/result in the future according to a real condition You'll catch the train if you leave before ten.
Curriculum	Lehrplan: Type I and II in form 7 and 8  if vs. when  Lehrbuch: previously done:  future I   present tense
Difficulties	1. form: if - plays, - main clause -future I  if - unless  2. function open conditions  What's condition - what's consequence?  3. interlingual interferences No future tense in if-clauses  if vs. when  unless  4. other difficulties position of the if-clause
Situations	operating instructions  making appointments  warnings or possible rewards  suggestions

Type II
 

Form	Type II:  if-clause + main clause If / Unless / If .......not past tense,   + conditional I:+ should / would / could / 'd / might + verb  If I learnt my vocabulary,     I'd get a good mark. or the other way round:  main clause + if-clause I'd get a good mark    if I learnt my vocabulary If-clauses in front position are more emphatic. If-clauses in front position get a comma.
Function	Hypothetical statements  Possible action/result according to a less probable condition in the future  We'd have enough money for a new car if you found a good job. Fantasized result or action according to an unreal (untrue) condition in the present  We'd buy a Rolls Royce if we were rich.
Curriculum	Lehrplan: Type II in form 7 or  8  if I were you, Lehrbuch: previously done:  past tense   if-clause type I
Difficulties	1. form: if - played, - conditional I  if - unless  2. function Possible action/result according to a less probable condition in the future  Fantasized result or action according to an unreal (untrue) condition in the present: "virtual reality"  no time indicated by past tense = today or tomorrow  3. interlingual interferences No conditional tense in if-clauses  if vs. when  unless  4. other difficulties 'were' instead of 'was' (rest of old conjunctive)  position of the if-clause
Situations	dreams and nightmares  mock examinations: testing a person  exaggerated timidity (But if the bridge fell down....)  reproaches

 
Type III
 
 

Form	Type III: if-clause  + main clause  If / Unless / If .......not + past perfect, + conditional II  If I had + -ed or 3rd form,  + should / would/ could / might + have + verb+ed or   3rd form If I had learnt my vocabulary,    I would have got a good mark. or the other way round:  . main clause + if-clause should / would/ could / might + have + verb -ed or 3rd form    if I had + -ed or 3rd form  I would have got a good mark    if I had learnt my vocabulary
Function	If- clause:       unreal condition: the condition can't be fulfilled any longer, because it should have happened in the past, but didn't. main clause:  the consequence can't take place any more, because the condition couldn't be fulfilled. If I had learnt more (but I didn't  learn=unreal condition), I would have got a better mark. (So I didn't get a better mark= impossible  consequence) or the other way round: I would have got a better mark (So I didn't get a better mark= impossible consequence) if I had learnt more (but I didn't  learn=unreal condition)
Curriculum	Lehrplan:                     form 9 + 10 (repetition) Lehrbuch:                       Type I and II in form 7 and 8                        if vs. when
Difficulties	1. interlingual interferences                           No conditional tense in if-clauses                           if vs. when                           unless  2. other difficulties                           position of the if-clause
Situations	dreams and nightmares about the past castles in the air in the past reproaches self-blaming

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